Publicationdate: : June 20, 2024

Welcome to Yelza, the website for anyone looking for reliable information and research to invest in stocks with the right knowledge. Whether you are a beginner investor looking to take your first steps into the world of stock trading, or an experienced trader looking for additional knowledge that meets all your needs, Yelza is the place to be. With our extensive expertise and easy-to-use tools, we'll help you achieve your financial goals and take advantage of the exciting opportunities the stock market has to offer.

Welcome to our comprehensive guide to stocks. This blog is designed to give you an in-depth understanding of what stocks are, how they work, and how to start investing. Whether you're a beginner looking to buy your first stock or an experienced investor looking to deepen your knowledge, this guide will provide you with the essential information you need to make informed decisions.

What are stocks?

Shares represent a piece of ownership in a company. When you buy a stock, you become a partial owner in that company and share in its profits and losses. This means you are entitled to a share of the company's profits, often paid out in the form of dividends, and you can benefit from the share's increase in value when the company performs well.

There are two main types of shares: common stock and preferred stock. Common shares give you voting rights at shareholder meetings and the right to dividends. Preferred shares usually don't give you voting rights, but they do give you a higher and often guaranteed dividend. There are also numerous other variants such as growth shares, value shares, and dividend-paying shares, each with their characteristics and advantages.

The history of stocks

The history of stocks and stock markets goes way back. The world's first stock was issued by the United East India Company (VOC) in the Netherlands in 1602. This event marked the birth of the modern stock market and led to the establishment of the world's first stock exchange in Amsterdam. This exchange offered investors a place to buy and sell shares, which stimulated stock trading and laid the foundation for today's system of capital markets.

Since that time, stock markets have evolved and grown worldwide. Over the centuries, technological advances and economic growth have led to the establishment of numerous stock exchanges in cities such as New York, London, Tokyo, and Shanghai. These exchanges play a crucial role in the modern financial system by providing companies with access to capital and investors with the opportunity to invest in companies from around the world.

A stock is a piece of a company

When you buy a stock, you are essentially buying a small part of a company. This makes you a co-owner and gives you certain rights and benefits. One of the most important rights is the right to a share of the company's profits, paid out in the form of dividends. It also gives you the right to vote on important decisions affecting the company, such as electing the board of directors or approving mergers and acquisitions.

The value of a stock is tied to the company's performance. If the company performs well and makes a profit, the value of the stock is likely to rise. However, if the company performs poorly and makes a loss, the value of the stock may fall. This makes stocks a risky but potentially very profitable investment.

What types of stocks exist?

There are several types of stocks you can buy, each with their characteristics and advantages:

1. Ordinary shares: These shares give you voting rights at shareholder meetings and the right to dividends. They are the most common form of stock and give you a share in the company's profits and growth.

2. Preference shares: These shares usually don't give you voting rights, but they do offer a fixed dividend that is often higher than that of common stock. In the event of liquidation, preferred shareholders have priority over common shareholders in paying out.

3. Growth stocks: These are stocks of companies that are expected to grow faster than the average company in the market. They usually do not pay dividends because they reinvest their profits to drive further growth.

4. Value stocks: These are stocks of companies that trade at a lower price relative to their fundamental value. Investors buy these stocks with the expectation that their value will rise as the market recognizes the true value of the company.

5. Dividend-paying stocks: These stocks belong to companies that pay regular dividends to their shareholders. They are attractive to investors who want to receive a stable income from their investments.

How are the price and value of a stock determined?

The price of a stock, also known as the stock price, is determined by the last transaction that took place between a buyer and a seller. This price can constantly change depending on supply and demand in the market. If there is a higher demand from buyers compared to sellers for a stock, the price is likely to increase. Conversely, if there is more interest from sellers than buyers, the price is expected to decrease.

A stock's value is frequently swayed by the company's performance and future outlook. Investors estimate the company's future earnings and determine how much they are willing to pay for a stock based on that estimate. Other factors that can influence the price include economic indicators, market sentiment, news, and events affecting the company or industry.

How can stocks be profitable?

Shares can be profitable in two ways:

Price gain: This is the difference between the purchase price and the sale price of a stock. If you buy a stock at a lower price and later sell it at a higher price, you make a profit. Price gains can be significant, especially in companies that are growing rapidly or are popular with investors.

Dividend: This is a portion of the company's profits that is paid out to shareholders. Companies may choose to pay out a portion of their profits as dividends, which can provide investors with a regular income. Dividend payments can be an important source of return, especially for investors looking for stable income.